Racial Profiling Is Out Of Control - 979 Words

Racial Profiling is racism Today in America racial profiling is out of control. People are being attacked, judge and even killed for reasons beyond just skin color. For many years people of color have been racially profiled, and now when America should be moving forward, America is going backwards. Racial profiling, which is a form of racism has gotten out of control, and the past has not improved as we have moved into the 20th century. It is time for Americans to take a closer look at racial profiling and do something about it. We should all take a self evaluation, of how we have handle someone, or some situations, and ask the question are you a racist?, it is Clare that racial profiling in America has gotten out of control. Striving towards the same goal, and eliminating judgment of others, solely because of their color, race, religion, gender, or sexuality. America shows power, strength, and control. As one we can build a strong America, and stop racial profiling. Many people in America have been the perpetrator, or victim of this form of racism, which is racial profiling, because of things seen, learned, or taught. When people are not valued, respected, or their rights are violated, just because of the color of their skin, or their religious affiliation, or where they are from, gender, or sexual preference, this is a form of racial profiling. According to Ontario Human Rights Commission, The cost of racial profiling is paid by all who partake knowingly orShow MoreRelatedGood Cop Bad Cop : Racial Profiling1277 Words   |  6 Pagesof â€Å"racial† profiling began, it is believed that this is deeply rooted back into the times of segregation and slavery. Criminal profiling was all based on the criminal activities and who was involved. Although, it is more commonly seen now, it began to grow evermore so following the tragic events of September eleventh. It evolved and transitioned into racially motivated arrests, detaining’s, and q uestionings both justifiable and unjustifiable. In the book, Good Cop Bad Cop: Racial profiling and CompetingRead MoreRacial Profiling by Law Enforcement Essay756 Words   |  4 Pagesis racial profiling? Racial profiling is a law enforcement and security agency practice that encourages officers to stop, search, and investigate people based on race, ethnicity, nationality or religion. While racial profiling is most commonly committed against ethnic minorities, many instances of racial profiling occur in reaction to specific crimes, making any racial or cultural group subject to more intensive scrutiny by the authorities. (ebscohost.com) This is what I think bout racial profilingRead MoreRacial Profiling And Its Impact On Society1310 Words   |  6 Pageswhich is racial profiling. This issue, where authorities target certain individuals based on their racial characteristics, has never ceased. According to many influential claimsmakers, racial profiling has stained the United Sta tes by negatively affecting society and disturbing the certainty of justice. It is unconstitutional and leads to impactful consequences such as deaths, fear, and loss of trust in police officers, demoralization, and dehumanization of stigmatized groups of people. Racial profilingRead MoreRacial Profiling And Violates Human Rights Essay966 Words   |  4 PagesIs Racial Profiling Justiciable Under Certain Circumstances? Racial profiling has been a longstanding argument in law enforcement practices for a number of years in American society. Often it divides and alienates communities from law enforcements while hindering police efforts to control crimes and protect civilians. Many civil right groups argue that racial profiling is ineffective and violates human rights. However after September 11th, it appears that the practice has become much more prominentRead MoreRacial Profiling And The Civil War On Drugs1342 Words   |  6 PagesMany People think of racial profiling as relatively recent phenomena that manifested in the 1980s, as the news of Blacks being pulled over for â€Å"driving while black† began making national headlines. Racial Profiling is a new term for action against black people that, dates back 300 years and is a not relatively recent manifestation of discriminatory conduct by police and the criminal justice system which dates back to the 1700s in the United States for people of African descent. Many equate the warRead MoreRacism : The Criminal Justice System1040 Words   |  5 PagesAmericans need to fully understand the idea of equality. Second, police need to stop doing racial profiling. Finally, the criminal justice system needs to be kinder to different races. Americans need to abolish the idea that racism needs to be alive. The criminal justice system does still do a bit of racial profiling. First, americans need to get the idea of racism out of the heart and minds of the people who control our criminal justice system as a whole. The thought of racism come from the slaves inRead MoreArguments Surrounding Racial Profiling846 Words   |  3 Pages The arguments surrounding racial profiling can be distilled into two fundamental questions. Is this racial profiling practiced widely by police agencies in the United States? And if so, is the practice beneficial? Many feel that the use of profiles is beneficial for law officials. Some proponents argue that when race is used, but not necessarily as the sole factor profiles are useful. Additionally, those who support the use tend to find that complaints about profiling by racially underrepresentedRead MoreRacial Profiling And The Black Communities1220 Words   |  5 PagesRacial Profiling and the many Problems that Arise from It Racial profiling is still an ongoing issue that occurs and such an issue has led to many problems for the minority groups of this country. Whether it be African Americans, Indians, Asians, Mexicans, or Muslims, all have faced profiling at some point in time. The problems caused by this controversial subject include the impending distrust between black communities and law enforcement, unfair treatment towards all minorities by law enforcementRead MoreRace, Religion, Or Ethnical Background?1247 Words   |  5 Pagessomeone somewhere commits racial profiling in a way that might be harmful to others. Some of these individuals take it a step farther to prevent racial profiling from occurring as regularly, as in the case of Shoshana Hebshi. Racial profiling has been deemed unconstitutional yet it still occurs. I believe that racial profiling could be useful for society if used to educate people on their own racial misconceptions of other cultures and it could allow them to see some of th e racial misconceptions that othersRead MoreArizona’s Immigration Law Essay988 Words   |  4 Pagesimmigration has gotten out of control and constringent measures need to be taken to protect the United States borders. The local Government of Arizona recently decided to take control of the situation, by passing the â€Å"Support our Law Enforcement and Safe Neighborhoods Act† {House Bill 2162}. This bill gives law enforcement officers and agencies the authority, to lawfully stop, detain and arrest anyone who appears to look like an illegal alien. The bill out-right condones racial profiling and it violates

Macbeth, By William Shakespeare - 987 Words

In order for a person to want to succeed in life, that person must possess certain traits that will allow them to traverse any bumps that try and slow down their path. Traits such as pride and confidence will allow a person to succeed in life, but too much of either trait can be detrimental to a person. If a person becomes too proud or too confident, their ego will lead them to believe that they are untouchable, causing them to become comfortable with their situation and letting their guard down. In Shakespeare’s Macbeth, the main character, Macbeth, becomes too powerful for his own good, causing a significant change in his character from the beginning to the end of the play. As Macbeth’s character grows throughout the play, his lust for power, his fears, and his confidence lead him to act in a destructive way, leading Macbeth to his demise. Upon hearing the prophecy that he is to become king, Macbeth develops an extreme lust for power that pushes him to commit violent acts. Macbeth started out as a humble soldier who was proud of the accolades that he had received. When Lady Macbeth is attempting to convince Macbeth that he should kill King Duncan and take the throne Macbeth tells her â€Å"We will proceed no further in this business: He hath honored me of late, and I have bought Golden opinions from all sorts of people, Which would be worn now in their newest gloss, Not cast aside so soon† (Shakespeare 20). Macbeth believes that the fame and power he has currently should beShow MoreRelatedMacbeth by William Shakespeare770 Words   |  3 PagesThe play Macbeth is written by William Shakespeare. It is believed to be written between 1603 and 1607 and set in eleventh century Scotland. It is also believed to be first performed in 1606. It is considered to be one of the darkest and most powerful tragedies. Macbeth, set in Scotland, dramatizes the psychological and political effects produced when evil is chosen to fulfill the ambition of power. The Tragedy of Macbeth is Shakespeare’s shortest tragedy and tells the story of Macbeth, a ScottishRead MoreMacbeth, By William Shakespeare1425 Words   |  6 PagesMacbeth Just Can’t Wait To Be King Everyone has a quality that they do not like about themselves. Some people struggle to be social, others may be too controlling of people. The list goes on and on, but the point is that everybody has a particular quality that they must learn to control or else that particular quality can get out of hand. Of course, one could write a list of characters that have major flaws. There is no better example than William Shakespeare’s character, Macbeth, in The TragedyRead MoreMacbeth, By William Shakespeare1409 Words   |  6 Pages â€Å"Fair is foul, and foul is fair: Hover through the fog and filthy air.† On October 17th, I had the pleasure of going to see Macbeth performed at the Shakespeare Tavern. Along with its reputation for being â€Å"cursed,† Macbeth is also known as one of the crown jewels of William Shakespeare’s repertoire. In my opinion, the central concept of this particular retelling of the play was the murkiness of character. Throughout the pla y, the many characters go through fierce temptation and strife, and noneRead MoreMacbeth, By William Shakespeare1203 Words   |  5 PagesMacbeth is a play based on King James I, it was written by William Shakespeare, however this play isn’t a king and queen fairy tale, but it’s a play about greed and guilt, chaos and murder and three evil witches who use prophecies to influence Macbeth to do bad things, using flattery would instigate his inner ambition to become king, which in the end doesn’t lead to a very happy ending. Shakespeare’s, Macbeth, was written in the early Jacobean period. During those times, women had no power, theyRead MoreMacbeth, By William Shakespeare1243 Words   |  5 PagesIn William Shakespeare’s â€Å"Macbeth†, the author portrays the main character Macbeth as a very tortured and flawed individual whose actions only serve to further unravel him. He is conflicted and power hungry, which drives him to perform evil murders and become a ruthless person. Macbeth’s moral compass is not resilient enough to withstand his wife’s manipulations and he is provoked to act on his malicious thoughts of murder. The author explores the terrible effects that ambition and guilt can haveRead MoreMacbeth, By William Shakespeare Essay1487 Words   |  6 Pagesreaction†. Macbeth by William Shakespeare is a tale which illuminates the consequences of violating the â€Å"Natural order†, the hierarchy of beings in the universe. When Macbeth, a warrior wel l-known for his courage and bravery, murders King Duncan acting on his unchecked ambition to claim the throne, the order was disrupted, the result†¦chaos. Shakespeare uses symbolism to illustrate the atmosphere of the play as the natural order is flung into a state of turmoil. These techniques used by Shakespeare is usedRead MoreMacbeth, By William Shakespeare1483 Words   |  6 Pagesdifferent references in the play of how a king deals with power and if they use it for better or for their own personal gain. In the play Macbeth, by William Shakespeare, Macbeth’s obsession with his journey to power leads to his failure. This obsession is demonstrated through the prophecies, the murder of his best friend Banquo, and his own demise. Macbeth demonstrates that he is incapable of mastering the power and responsibilities of being a king. This is indicated throughout the play with theRead MoreMacbeth, By William Shakespeare1045 Words   |  5 PagesBlood appears in only two forms, but many times in Macbeth by William Shakespeare; between the war scene at the beginning of the play and the lifting of Macbeth’s severed being lifted by Macduff at the end. It can be said that Macbeth could have been written in blood that there is such a large amount. What is unique about blood in Macbeth is that the â€Å"imaginary blood† or the guilt that the murderer feels plays more of a role of understand and amplifying the theme of the play, that blood is guiltRead MoreMacbeth, By William Shakespeare1431 Words   |  6 Pages Macbeth, though originally a valiant and prudent soldier, deteriorates into an unwise king whose rash decisions conclusively end in the atrophy of his title, power, and position. Several facto rs contribute to the downfall of Macbeth, which produce a contagion effect and ultimately end with his demise. He receives help from his â€Å"inner ambitions and external urgings† which result in his downfall (Bernad 49). The â€Å"external urgings† consist of the weird sisters who disclose his prophecies, which enlightenRead MoreMacbeth, By William Shakespeare1320 Words   |  6 PagesThe oxford dictionary definition of guilt, 1, the fact of having committed a specified or implied offence or crime, 1.1, a feeling of having committed wrong or failed in obligation. In Macbeth written by William Shakespeare, Macbeth, the titular character and his wife Lady Macbeth kill the King in order to become King and Queen themselves, this came with consequences which are still relevant in society today. The guilt they felt and the relevance to sleeplessness are common topics almost four hundred

The Case of the Missing Time free essay sample

Good time management is essential to handle a heavy workload without excessive stress. For a manager, time management helps reduce long-term stress by giving the manager direction when he or she has too much work to do. The manager will then, have the control of how tasks will be completed at work. In addition, having control allows managers to increase their productivity. In the Case of the Missing Time, Chet Craig, manager of the Norris Company’s Central Plant, deals with work overload and finds it difficult to complete many of the important tasks at work. He begins his morning by stating, â€Å"this is going to be the day to really get things done. † Yet, in spite of his intentions to accomplish the projects he has planned, he finds himself being interrupted by other fellow coworkers and other activities throughout the day. As a result, Craig’s projects remain incomplete. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the causes of Craig’s time management conflict and to provide Craig with any possible solutions to acquire effective time management skills to avoid personal stress. According to the principles of time management, effective time management and delegating tasks are some strategies to eliminate time stressors, which â€Å"generally result from having too much to do in too little time† (117). In the case of Craig, time stressors are the result of his work overload and lack of control. Managing time with an effective approach means that â€Å"individuals spent time on important matters, non-urgent matters; being able to distinguish between what they view as important versus what they view as urgent; results are the focus of time management strategies; and people should not feel guilty when they must say †no† (121). In addition, delegating allows an individual to become more efficient by allowing work to be transferred to people whose skills are a better match for the work while saving time and effort. Delegating not only can save time and effort, but can lessen stress at work. Instead of focusing on what is important to be accomplished at work, Craig focuses on issues that are brought to him by his coworkers and other urgent activities. Clearly, Craig does not distinguish between what is important versus what is urgent. Important matters produce desired results, while urgent matters only demand immediate attention. Since Craig does not focus on important matters, there is no actual accomplishment. As a manager he is expected to be a creative thinker, and to have accomplishments. However, putting important matters on hold, while attending urgent ones will only allow Craig’s personal stress to rise. In addition, Craig fails to use his managerial position to delegate second level tasks to others, who are capable of handling those tasks. By focusing on second level tasks, Craig loses time and effort that could have been used to accomplish important tasks. When individuals at work focus only on what is urgent rather than what is important, organizational problems such as poor delegation which was previously mentioned, poor organization at work, and weak organizational hierarchy tend to occur. In this case, poor delegation of tasks makes it difficult to organize work activities within the company. Poor organization makes people less efficient and less effective. Less efficient and less effective individuals lead to weak organizational hierarchy. A weak organizational hierarchy can lead to a decrease in the overall productivity of the company. Craig can be seen as someone who likes to be in control, and be aware of the details on his plant. Yet, this characteristic prevents Craig from developing an effective management of time. In the case of Craig, focusing on many tasks at once allows him to feel he is in control of his duties as a manager. However, he only pays attention to issues that are urgent while leaving the important tasks incomplete. Therefore, he lacks control of the important tasks that he must accomplish as the manager of the company. As individuals enter a more competitive world, individuals tend to develop characteristics of the Type A Personality. Craig has indeed developed Type A Personality characteristics that inhibit his effective management of time. Type A â€Å"individuals develop a sense of urgency, being able to overcome any obstacle by working harder and longer† (141). In Craig’s case, he always has a sense of being in a hurry at work, has a tendency to do several things simultaneously, and ignores the elements outside of his immediate tasks. These personal characteristics prevent Craig from starting to work on the important projects he has planned. Craig then begins to question his own abilities, thinks of working at night, and considers sacrificing his personal activities for work. Such symptoms can prevent Craig of developing psychological hardiness, which is the ability to feel in control of one’s life and to interpret stressful situations positively. These symptoms can also lead to a significant life imbalance and bring more personal stress to Craig. To prevent Craig from inhibiting his effective management of time, it is recommended that he hires an assistant, delegates work based on its importance, prioritize duties and responsibilities, balancing personal and professional work. Before, Craig uses the given solutions he has to make certain that he focuses on activities that are important to him, and not just urgent. According to the principles of time management, Craig must clearly identify his specific personal priorities. This can be done by first developing self-awareness because it is important for individuals â€Å"to be aware of their own core values, and to establish basic principles to guide their behavior† (123). Therefore, in order to determine what is important for Craig, he must clearly identify his core values, basic principles, and personal priorities. Otherwise, he will be at the mercy of the demands that his fellow coworkers place on him, leaving him with work overload and excessive stress. Craig should then ask himself â€Å"What do I stand for? † and set his personal principles. Once he has clearly identified what his personal priorities are then he can do the following. Hiring an assistant is an efficient way to save time on little tasks that can drain energy and effort when they are more than one. An assistant can focus on little tasks such as making phone calls, sending emails, planning out schedules and so on. While Craig moves onto other tasks or projects that require more attention depending on their level of importance. Delegating work based on important is another efficient solution to effectively manage his time. Many managers are often afraid to delegate certain tasks to others because they believe that to do things right â€Å"we must do them on our own. † Although this can be the case in certain situations, it does not necessarily mean that a manager must delegate important tasks to others. Craig for example, can delegate tasks to others with a low level of importance. Examples include, things that are easy to handle and things that are a match for others to take care of. In addition, tasks with a higher level of importance can be delegated to other managers of the plant. Thus, increasing organization within the organizational hierarchy of the company. To know what tasks will be delegated to others, Craig can develop a â€Å"time management matrix† in which activities are categorized in terms of their relative importance and urgency. Please refer to the matrix below, to see an example of how Craig can prioritize his activities at work. Once Craig develops his priorities, he will be able to balance his personal life. Only after developing his priorities will it be possible for him to spend time with his wife and family, and meet other personal objectives of his own.

Parasitic Wasps Essays (5674 words) - Biomolecules, Nutrition

Parasitic Wasps Introduction Malaria is one of the most prevalent and dangerous diseases known to man. It has existed for centuries and affects a myriad of people in the tropical region. Even today, with our newly discovered treatments for many of the tropical diseases, over 10% of the people that are infected with malaria each year and do not receive proper treatment die. In Africa alone, over 1 million children die each year because of malaria and new cases are reported frequently. Malaria is very dangerous and harmful to man. However, the protozoan that causes malaria has existed since man came into being. Fossils of mosquitoes that are 30 million years old contain the vector for malaria. After written history, many civilisations have known about malaria. The Greek physician Hippocrates described the symptoms of malaria in the 5th Century BC The name malaria is derived from the Italian words, mal and aria, meaning bad air, because people of earlier times believed that the disease was caused by polluted air near swaps and wetlands in Europe. The scientific identification of malaria was not found until 1880. The French army physician, Charles Laveran, while stationed in Algeria, noticed strange shapes of red blood cells in certain patients and identified the disease scientifically and linked to a certain protozoan. Although the disease had been identified, it was not until 1897, when British army physician, Ronald Ross studied birds and discovered that the malarial protozoan was transmitted through mosquito es. Soon after, two Italian scientists noted that mosquitoes spread malaria to humans as well. Many attempts have been made to try to eradicate the disease. As early as 7 AD, in Rome, swamps were drained to try to prevent the bad air from reaching nearby cities. Recently, in the 1950's and 1960's, about 25 years after the development of DDT, the United Nations World Health Organisation tried to wipe out the disease through the use of DDT. Although, the number of cases was reduces in many areas, they started again. Scientists today believe that malaria can never be eradicated due to the fact that the protozoan can manipulate easily and become resistant to a drug that is overused. The mosquitoes that spread malaria are also becoming resistant to insecticides. Malaria can be treated on an individual basis and treatments and medicines can be used. To understand these treatments however, one must understand what happens to a malarial protozoan. The disease, malaria, is cause by the protozoan, Plasmodium, which lives in tropical regions all around the world. There are only four species of this protozoan that cause malaria in humans, Plasmodium ovale, Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium malariae, and Plasmodium falciparum. These protozoans are spread from infected to healthy people through the bite of the Anopheles mosquito, blood transfusions, or through hypodermic injections. This makes malaria one of the most easily communicable diseases in the world. 1.Sporozoites in salivary gland. 2.O?cysts in stomach wall. 3.Male and female gametocytes. 4.Liver phase. 5.Release of merozoites from liver. These enter red cells where both sexual and asexual cycles continue. Malaria is spread only through the females of the 60 different types of the Anopheles mosquito, as the males do not feed on blood. The symptoms of this disease are many, however a physician must be consulted to avoid risk to a person. To treat malaria, many drugs are used today. Forms of these drugs date back to the 1500's and 1600's. Physicians diagnose malaria by identifying Plasmodia in a patient's body. Once identified, malaria can be treated with chloroquine and primaquine. Since some forms of Plasmodia falciparum have become resistant to these, quinine, mefloquine, or halofautrine are used. Almost all of the cases of malaria can be treated if done in the proper way. However, to suffer the pain and illness of malaria, people can use many preventive measures. All swampy areas must be avoided as well as tropical water that may be contaminated or local food. People should just protect themselves from mosquitoes and risk of infection will be tremendously lowered. This can be done by impregnated bednets. These involve surrounding the bed with a curtain that is sprayed with certain compounds. These are normally pyrethroids or organophosphates, which create an effective barrier between the mosquito and its blood mea l.

FAS essays

FAS essays On any given day in the United States... 10,657 babies are born. (US Census Bureau). Twenty of these babies are born with Fetal Alcohol Syndrome. Twenty may seem as though it is not a lot, but when you compare it to the fact that this number is more than HIV positive, Muscular Dystrophy, Spina Bifida and Down Syndrome combine it creates a whole new parameter. Fetal Alcohol Syndrome is a direct result of a womans competed disregard for the fetus. Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS, hereinafter), is a series of both mental and physical birth defects that can include, but are not limited to, mental retardation, deficiencies in growth, central nervous system dysfunction, behavioral maladjustments, and craniofacial abnormalities. It is common knowledge not to smoke or drink during pregnancy. Growth abnormalities can be significant and also includes all three of the following respects of growth: weight, length and head circumference. Most of the time the babys growth abnormalities are so severe they need to be hospitalized because of obvious failure to survive. A baby with craniofacial abnormalities can be recognized by their eyes in that they are small with exaggerated inner epicanthic folds. (Health Visitor Nov. 1981) The bridge of the nose is normally poorly developed. The ears are often large and simple in form. (Midwives Chronicle and Nursing notes) At first, when the baby is delivered, the affected infant shows signs of alcohol withdrawal; with signs that are much similar to delirium tremens in adults. They are often anxious, have a weak grasp, poor hand-to-eye coordination and consistent difficulty in feeding and sucking. People can not blame the mothers for the most part though. It is a common ignorance among the health care providers. Most health care providers are untrained and unfamiliar with substance abuse issues among pregnant women. FAS is widely misdiagnosed and or under diagnosed...

About the U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ)

About the U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ) The United States Department of Justice (DOJ), also known as the Justice Department, is a Cabinet-level department in the executive branch of the U.S. federal government. The Justice Department is responsible for enforcing the laws enacted by Congress, administration of the U.S. justice system, and ensuring that the civil and constitutional rights of all Americans are upheld. The DOJ was established in 1870, during the administration of President Ulysses S. Grant, and spent its early years prosecuting members of the Ku Klux Klan. The DOJ oversees the activities of multiple federal law enforcement agencies including the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) and the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA). The DOJ represents and defends the U.S. government’s position in legal proceedings, including cases heard by the Supreme Court. The DOJ also investigates cases of financial fraud, administers the federal prison system, and reviews the actions of local law enforcement agencies according to the provisions of the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994. In addition, the DOJ oversees the actions of the 93 U.S. Attorneys who represent the federal government in courtrooms nationwide. Organization and History The Department of Justice is headed by the United States Attorney General, who is nominated by the President of the United States and must be confirmed by a majority vote of the U.S. Senate. The Attorney General is a member of the President’s Cabinet. At first, a one-person, part-time job, the position of Attorney General was established by the Judiciary Act of 1789. At the time, the duties of the Attorney General were limited to providing legal advice to the president and Congress. Until 1853, the Attorney General, as a part-time employee, was paid substantially less than the other Cabinet members. As a result, those early Attorneys General typically supplemented their salary by continuing to conduct their own private law practices, often representing paying clients before state and local courts in both civil and criminal cases. In 1830 and again in 1846, various members of Congress tried to make the Attorney Generals Office a full-time position. Finally, in 1869, Congress considered and passed a bill creating a Department of Justice to be headed by a full-time Attorney General. President Grant signed the bill into law on June 22, 1870, and the Department of Justice officially began operations on July 1, 1870. Appointed by President Grant, Amos T. Akerman served as America’s first Attorney General and used his position to vigorously pursue and prosecute Ku Klux Klan members. During President Grants first term alone, the Justice Department had issued indictments against Klan members, with over 550 convictions. In 1871, those numbers increased to 3,000 indictments and 600 convictions. The 1869 law that created the Department of Justice also increased the Attorney Generals responsibilities to include the supervision of all United States Attorneys, the prosecution of all federal crimes, and the exclusive representation of the United States in all court actions. The law also permanently barred the federal government from using private lawyers and created the office of Solicitor General to represent the government before the Supreme Court. In 1884, control of the federal prison system was transferred to the Justice Department from the Department of the Interior. In 1887, enactment of the Interstate Commerce Act gave the Justice Department responsibility for some law enforcement functions. In 1933, President Franklin D. Roosevelt issued an executive order giving the Justice Department responsibility for defending the United States against claims and demands filed against the government. Mission Statement The mission of the Attorney General and the U.S. Attorneys is: â€Å"To enforce the law and defend the interests of the United States according to the law; to ensure public safety against threats foreign and domestic; to provide federal leadership in preventing and controlling crime; to seek just punishment for those guilty of unlawful behavior; and to ensure fair and impartial administration of justice for all Americans.†

The Second Red Scare Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Second Red Scare - Essay Example After the downfall of Hitler, emerged common terror and opposition that led to the Cold War. The Second Red Scare occurred after the World War II. Hostility mounted as the US government arrested, deported and investigated citizens suspected of being Un-American. Under President Truman’s administration, anyone suspected of membership to the CPUSA was guilty of treason. Suspects were fired from their jobs. However, losing jobs was less of a blow than being socially banished and blacklisted (â€Å"The "Second" Red Scare:  Fear and Loathing in High Places, 1947-1954†) People from the movie industry — actors, directors, writers, and studio executives — were subpoenaed by the US Congress’s House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC). News and entertainment media people, including those in the television and radio shows were likewise summoned.  Soon after, the media began its own Communist manhunt. Every assembly gathered and published the names of m edia people believed to be un-American in their political principles. There was an air of panic and distrust everywhere.  What inflamed more public unease in America was when the Soviet Union had effectively launched its first atomic bomb in 1949.   The US then realized that the country was faced with threats of nuclear warfare.  The government immediately commenced the investigation of the probability of the US atomic secrets leaked to the Russians by American Communists. High-status court proceedings concluded the conviction and execution of  the Rosenbergs in 1953 (â€Å"The "Second" Red Scare:  Fear and Loathing in High Places, 1947-1954†). Julius and Ethel Rosenberg, under the Espionage Act, were found guilty of conspiracy to commit espionage for the Soviet Union from 1944 to 1950. The Rosenbergs had been fundamentally involved in a Communist undercover agent circle that leaked US national defense secrets, particularly drawings/sketches of high-explosive lens p atterns and the US atomic bomb, to the Soviet Union (Parrish). Senator McCarthy, McCarthyism and the Witch Hunt The fifties era was enveloped with concern over treachery and the "Communist menace." In the middle of this menace was the Senator from Wisconsin, Joseph McCarthy. McCarthy served his first term as an infamous backbench partisan (Unger). To guarantee his political victory in the upcoming election, he took advantage of the country’s panic against Communism. On his most famous speech on February 9, 1950, he made his impact by naming 205 people in the State Department who were allegedly recognized affiliates of the American Communist Party. In his speech, he proclaimed, â€Å"I have here in my hand a list of 205, a list of names that were made known to the secretary of State as being members of the Communist Party and who nevertheless are still working and shaping policy in the State Department† (McCarthy). This caused national alarm and called for immediate inv estigations of the subversive activists. McCarthy became the chairman of the Government Committee on Operations of the Senate, all the more extending his power to examine the nonconformists. For two years, he persistently questioned several government departments, the media people, the clergy, and other prominent sections of the US society. The national terror stemming from the witch-hunts and communist threats became branded as

Budgeting Process for the State of New York Essay

Budgeting Process for the State of New York - Essay Example As the discussion highlights  the first step of the budget process starts at the subdepartmental level. During this stage, the staff working in various agencies prepares their own requests as directed by the heads of departments. During the same time the agency head arrange for meetings with the program managers during when the budgetary needs of the agency programs are discussed. Even though the official stage of budget preparation takes place between June and September, the agencies analyze their budgetary needs as early as April, May or June. With the issue of a policy memorandum or the call letter to the heads of the agencies by the budget director, the budget process starts.  This essay discusses that a program package is then prepared by each of agency which is then reviewed by the division of the budget before it is approved by the heads of the agencies. Even though it is the staff at the top agency office who decide on the final submission of the agencies, the formulation of the budget requests are different in each of the agencies. In addition, the agency officials who are under obligatory to serve their agency constituencies as needed by the constitution must adhere to the rules set by the governor and the budget director. A notable aspect of the formal budget hearings is that only the representatives selected by the fiscal committee attend the hearing and ask questions. The hearings are closed to the members of the public; however the process is fair and all inclusive. Review of the budget After the heads of agencies approves the program package, the agencies submits the budget requests for review and analysis. The major body within the division of budget that is responsible for the review and the analysis of the budget is the examination body. Apart from analyzing of the budget requests, the examination body may seek for extra information from the agencies regarding their requests. Likewise, the unit holds meeting with the heads of the agencies

Journal Entry Essay Example for Free

Journal Entry Essay The ability of change to become manifested in both man and environment gives each one the opportunity to create meaning in each action and scenario. Such idea can be taken either in a positive or negative manner and is dependent on the mindset and the relevant impact in can contribute to man and the environment. Seeing this, it change is inevitable however it has brought about different dimensions in understanding how it influences man’s actions or the formation of a scenario. Reflecting on the works of Faulkner, Capote and Weschler, one theme may circumvent in their reading – change. However their main difference is the way it was addressed and embodied by the characters in the story. I argue that these manifestations are necessarily generated by the choices we constantly make in our life. These in turn affect our environment as a whole as we try our best to adhere to the trends and standards of societal life. This in turn results in the transformation of customary beliefs, values and ideals of an individual to suit such need. Furthermore, it is with these decisions that we gain contentment and satisfaction in our ways. With the different challenges and distractions happening in our lives today, one may find it difficult to look for the appropriate ways that can make them happy. However, like the character of the old woman in Faulkner’s story, the path towards this may seem simple her eyes. For my part, I feel that by removing and distancing myself to these norms, I can get a glimpse of what I want and generate ideas that can provide satisfaction or contentment on my part. Such can contribute to the creation of meaning as I find ways to answer the questions and issues of my life.

Artisitc License: Color Vision and Color Theory :: Biology Essays Research Papers

Artisitc License: Color Vision and Color Theory Imagine yourself in an art museum. You wander slowly from cold room to cold room, analyzing colored canvases on stark white walls. When you reach a particular work, do you prefer to stand back and take everything in at once? Or do you move so close to the painting that the individual brushstrokes become apparent? Several different sensory processes occur in your brain during this trip to the art museum; the majority of them involve visual inputs. How does your brain put together all the information that your eyes receive? This raises questions ranging from depth of field to color. The ideas of color perception and color theory are interesting ones. How do humans account for color and does it truly exist? I think that by examining not only the neurological on-goings in the brain, but by learning about color through philosophy, and even art, a greater understanding of it can be reached. Before delving into the philosophy of color and the questions posed by different pieces of art, the biological basis process of HOW color is seen should be explained. The retina is a neural sheet, containing the photoreceptors called rods and cones that is located at the back of the eye. Between the retina and the optic nerves leading to the brain are a series of cells that create a lateral inhibition network of the light/dark signals from the photoreceptors (1). This throws away a lot of the information generated by the photocells and gives the brain a "picture" of the edges of light and dark. The contrasts are created, leaving the brain to fill in the rest. Color vision is even more complex. Cones (the light adapted photoreceptor) contain three different photopigments, red, green, and blue, each corresponding to a particular wavelength of light (2). Color is a property of three things: the ratio of red/green activation, blue response, and value or lightness (3). The brain utilizes visual inputs to determine each of these, thus generating the characteristic color. One of the most important (and most interesting) conclusions of the biology of vision is that color is not technically generated by physical reality. Color appears to be a mental construct, and therefore, everyone views color differently. The rationale one is often given for the color of particular objects is the following: light consists of all colors. When light strikes an object in absorbs most of the wavelengths of light, but those that it reflects correspond to the color one sees.

Analysis of Cartoon Cultures in Walt Disney Stories

Disney and his studio do not only aim to create entertainment but present a meaningful thesis as well; â€Å"All our dreams can come true if we have the courage to pursue them† (Williams & Denney, 2004, p. 69). Usually, Disney’s stories like to present the royal romance comprising of love, courage and dream.By comparing Cinderella (Geronimi, Luske, & Jackson, 1950) and his latest princess iteration, The Princess and The Frog (Clements, 2009), we could clearly see the critical influence of Cinderella that has affected the cartoon culture of Disney’s stories, as highlighted by the appearance of the Fairy Godmother, the importance of animal characters and the narrative power of the songs. Many of Disney’s stories are concerned with a goal that the leading character has to achieve, passing obstacles along the way in order to realize his dream.As such, a correlation can be seen between Cinderella (1950) and The Princess and The Frog (2009); both the young ladie s work very hard to achieve their aspirations. Before Cinderella was transformed by Fairy Godmother with an opportunity to attend the royal ball, she was a poor girl, and seemingly under distress. Her stepmother and stepsisters take over all her benefits and mistreat her. She is abused and made to serve as the housekeeper and maid for her family. However, she does not give up on dreaming and wishing, and has faith that one day her dream will come true.On the other hand, Tiana is a poor African-American young lady who works very hard to accomplish her goal of owning a restaurant in New Orleans. Although, her dream seems big and difficult for her to achieve, she never thinks about giving up. She continues tracing her dream; her hopes remain high even after she is accidently transformed into a frog by kissing the cursed Prince Naveen. Although these two Disney princesses are coming from different nationalities and generations, they both represent the same story structure of Disney†™s fairytales.Secondly, Disney’s Cinderella has become the dominant version in Western culture, since it was the first one to be aired on the big screen. It was the first time a character like the Fairy godmother was presented straight from a Disney tale. Her task was strictly to prepareeverything for Cinderella so she could attend the royalty ball. The story of Cinderella has historically portrayed a strong character in the Fairy godmother; a prominent companion has become an important element in the life of a cheerful heroine in the follow up stories of Disney.Looking into The Princess and The Frog (Clements, 2009)Mama Odie is representing a new type of Fairy godmother as a blind voodoo priestess. She plays a guiding role in the story, full of magic and power to help the frogs transform back into humans. The Fairy godmother has thus become an iconic character since it was first presented in Cinderella. It plays an important part in shaping the cartoons’ structures, influencing many other stories to portray the same character in other forms, enriching the story with color and inspiration.Thirdly, by featuring animal characters in Cinderella, Disney and his animators have developed a new structure of cartoon culture. Animal characters have carved a niche in Disney’s animations. However, these animal characters only play supporting or minor roles in the full-length animated films. Due to the strong connection between animal characters and Disney’s animations in the public’s mind, Disney and his animators have recently inclined towards creating much more detailed versions of the animal characters found in Cinderella.As a result, the mice have gained more screen time than the step-mother and sisters, and one of the most memorable scenes in the film regarding the manufacturing process of the ball dress revolves aroundbirds and mice which work together to prepare a beautiful gown for Cinderella. This scene appears for nearly 8 m inutes in the film. It shows the importance of animals in story-telling. Moreover, those animals carry their own personality, as seen for example in the red bird who would much enjoyperforming a vocal accommodation where as the character Jaq, who was portrayed as a leader of the mice while Gus was the cute and childish one.Moreover, the relationship between Cinderella and the mice provided clues to reveal her real personality. Her kindness could be observed through her interest in making clothes and dresses for the animals, rescuing them from traps, and feeding them with enough food. As such, in the story of Cinderella, animals do not feature as minor characters. They are highlighted to be very important in the narrative. Since that story, animal characters have moved up in ranks, taking important roles as support for the main characters in reaching their goals.In The Princess and The Frog (Clements, 2009)those small animal characters follow Cinderella’s tradition in that the y play important roles as support for the frogs so they could return to their human forms, carrying their own personality and dreams. For example, Ray is a firefly, who knows Mama Odie and agrees to help the frogs find her and nearly sacrifices himself fighting with Dr. Facilier. From his lover to the star, we can see that his personality is very gentle and kind. Moreover, Louis is a friendly neurotic alligator, who dreams to become human and joins a jazz band as the trumpet player.He is not just a background image and accompanies the frogs in their adventure. Their appearances make the narratives to be more balanced, completed and interesting. Thanks to the success of theanimal characters in Cinderella, animal characters have continued to play an important role in developing plots and, in turn, have had stories revolve around them instead of the other way round. Lastly, over the years Disney’s animations have developed an indivisible relationship with songs and musical eleme nts.Songs provide a useful tool to breathe more definition into the characters. For example, in Cinderella, the song â€Å"A Dream is A Wish Your Heart Makes† (Geronimi, Luske, & Jackson, 1950), we can observe that Cinderella is faced with many obstacles, but her dream is still kept alive in her heart, thanks to her positive attitude. This way, songs contain the power of presenting deeper content, which normal speech may not effectively communicate. Besides, the audience can see and feel the threat pertaining to the character of Dr.Facilier, for example, by virtue of the song â€Å"Friends on the Other Side† (Clements, 2009). Walt Disney has seemingly pioneered the tradition of using songs and music to replace boring conversations, because the song can portray an idea in much more detail. For example, the Fairy godmother’s song â€Å"Bibidi-Bobidi-Boo† (Geronimi, Luske, & Jackson, 1950), played when she transforms the pumpkin into a coach, the mice into a horse, and Cinderella’s appearance for the ball, etc. relayed a magical element only music could provide.The song, in this context, is a much more powerful tool to present the idea than normal speech, because it gives the audience an extra vocal dimension to remember the scene with, adding to the visual impact. Moreover, the songs and music also add to the dynamics of the picture in order to present the inner meaning of the stories. By comparing the versions of â€Å"Sing Sweet Nightingale† (Geronimi, Luske, & Jackson, 1950) as sung by Cinderella and her stepsisters, we can see the difference in nature of both parties, Cinderella being the gentler much more caring personality.At another instance, we can see a deeper relationship between the frogs, through the song Never knew I Needed, instead of simply saying, I think I am falling in love with you (Clements, 2009). It surrounds the narrative with a profundity in an implicit way. Disney’s animation, hence, reall y has the ability to capture the fantasy-oriented imagination of the audience providing entertainment both for the adults and children alike. Incorporating these qualities into Disney’s cartoon culture has enabled the creation of some of the most excellent pieces of animated and other motion-picture films that history has ever seen.

Ascorbic acid content of fruit juice Essay

OBJECTIVE To determine ascorbic acid content in a sample of fruit juice by using titration method with 0.001M 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol, C12H7O2NCl2. INTRODUCTION image00.png Structure of Ascorbic acid Ascorbic acid, the chemical term for vitamin C, are found naturally in fruits and green vegetables. It is a dietary requirement for normal metabolism, formation of collagen, wound healing, and tissue repair. Ascorbic acid is often used as an antioxidant to help prevent free radical damage in the skin, builds resistance to infection, aids in the prevention treatment of the common cold, and aids in the absorption of iron. Yet, vitamin C cannot be synthesized by the body, and needs to be ingested. A lack of vitamin C can cause abnormalities of the spine, scurvy, and a reduction in the ability of the body to heal wounds. The determining factors as to whether organic substances can be determined in an aqueous medium depend primarily on the functional groups that characterise the redox properties. The determination of ascorbic acid content is based on the oxidation of ascorbic acid to dehydroascorbic acid: C6H8O6→ C6H6O6 + 2e- + 2H+ image01.png The redox potential depends on the pH and without adequate buffering the pH at the electrode surface can be displaced by the oxidation reaction of the ascorbic acid leading to peak broadening. Vitamin C is found in fruit drinks such as orange juice and also other sources like vegetables, liver and kidney meat. Vitamin C in food can be destroyed by cooking, leaching out from fruits and vegetable during washing, and being oxidized when expose to the air. Thus, food that rich in vitamin C needs to be stored and prepared well. PROCEDURE 1. Standardization of 0.001M 2, 6-dichlorophenolindophenol solution. 25.00mL aliquot of ascorbic acid solution was pipette into a 100mL conical flask. 0.001M 2, 6-dichlorophenolindophenol solution is titrated until a faint colour persisted for at least 15 seconds. The molarity of the dye solution is calculated by the result obtained. 2. Ascorbic acid concentration of fruit juice is determined. 5mL of fruit juice was pipette into a 100mL conical flask. 10mL of 5M acetic acid, 5mL of acetone (prevent interference of SO2) and 30mL of water was added, then the mixture was allowed to stand for 5 minutes and titrated with 2, 6-dichlorophenolindophenol solution. 3. CuSO4 and bubbling to air. 2 flasks is set up and filled with 25mL of fruit juice in each flask. 1mg of copper sulfate is added to one of the flasks and both are put to bubbled air for 20 minutes. The titration is repeated at the completion of the 20 minutes of air bubbling. DCPIP is a chemical compound used as a redox dye. This dye is blue in base (DCPIP-) and pink in acid (DCPIPH) and the pink form can be reduced by ascorbic acid to a colorless form (DCPIPH2). image03.png Titration with 0.001M 2,6- dichlorophenolindophenol solution Reaction 1: DCPIP- (blue) +H+→ DCPIPH (pink) Reaction 2: DCPIPH (pink) + Ascorbic acid → DCPIPH2 (clear) +Dehydroascorbate If a drop of blue DCPIP dye is added to a low pH solution (pH

The Chemistry of Theobromine

The Chemistry of Theobromine Theobromine belongs to a class of alkaloid molecules known as methylxanthines, which naturally occur in as many as 60 different plant species and include caffeine (the primary methylxanthine in coffee) and theophylline (the primary methylxanthine in tea). Theobromine is the primary methylxanthine found in products of the cocoa tree, theobroma cacao. Effects of Theobromine on Humans Theobromine affects humans similarly to caffeine, but on a much smaller scale. Theobromine is mildly diuretic (it increases urine production), is a mild stimulant, and relaxes the smooth muscles of the bronchi in the lungs. In the human body, theobromine levels are halved between 6-10 hours after consumption. Theobromine has been used as a drug for its diuretic effect, particularly in cases where cardiac failure has resulted in an accumulation of body fluid. It has been administered with digitalis in order to relieve dilatation. Because of its ability to dilate blood vessels, theobromine also has been used to treat high blood pressure. Dangers of Theobromine Cocoa and chocolate products may be toxic or lethal to dogs and other domestic animals such as horses because these animals metabolize theobromine more slowly than humans. The heart, central nervous system, and kidneys are affected. Early signs of theobromine poisoning in dogs include nausea and vomiting, restlessness, diarrhea, muscle tremors, and increased urination or incontinence. The treatment at this stage is to induce vomiting. Cardiac arrhythmias and seizures are symptoms of more advanced poisoning. Different types of chocolate contain different amounts of theobromine. In general, theobromine levels are higher in dark chocolates (approximately 10 g/kg) than in milk chocolates (1-5 g/kg). Higher quality chocolate tends to contain more theobromine than lower quality chocolate. Cocoa beans naturally contain approximately 300-1200 mg/ounce theobromine (note how variable this is!).

Contract Law essays

Contract Law essays England's contract law is consisted of several laws and they can not be written or at least explained in a student's assignment, which is consisted of 1000 words. Despite that I will try to outline the main points of the contact law and explain briefly what each means. On the second point I will explain the little difference between the English contact law with the equivalent contract law of my home country which is Cyprus. I wrote "little differences " because, Cyprus is following the English system concerning laws. There are three basic essentials to the creation of contract which will be recognised and enforced by the courts. These are: contractual intention, agreement and consideration. This is an expression of willingness to contract made with the intention (actual or apparent) that it shall become binding on the offeror as soon as the person to whom it is addressed accepts it. An offer can be made to one person or a group of persons or to the world at large. The offeror is bound to fulfil the terms of his offer once it is accepted. The offer may be made in writing, by words or conduct. Unilateral - some offers are purely one sided, made without the offeror's having any idea whether they will ever be taken up and accepted, and thereby be transformed into a contract. For example when an advertisement where a person is rewarding another one if he finds his pet (which was lost). In this case the person who is making such an offer is not sure whether this offer will be ever accepted. Bilateral - The majority of offers are Bilateral. While it is not always true, most people make an offer to one named offeree or a small group of parties. Most contracts are made with both parties present on a face-to-face basis. An invitation to treat made by one party to another is not an offer. An invitation to treat is made at a preliminary stage in the making of an agreement, where one party seeks to ascertain whether the other would b...

Selecting and Implementing Strategies of Instruction Essay

Selecting and Implementing Strategies of Instruction - Essay Example When it comes to the national level the government should ensure that all the teachers rendering their services should have achieved and qualified with the right specifications as teachers and that they meet all the conditions expected by the system. This should be verified by the teachers providing legal documents to prove they have met the conditions of the job. There should be a body dealing with all this and it should be a process. The teacher should be assessed by a qualified staff before been given the job in order to confirm practically that they deserve or do not deserve the job. There should be some rules that govern the teachers that before they teach a certain level they should have acquired some specifications or maybe have some experience. This process should be a requirement before securing the job as a teacher and the reason unto why caution is needed in this area is because of the sensitivity of education. This is an area that touches on almost all the aspects of life for example health and agriculture and these areas need proper care when handling them. Basically we can say education is a fundamental thing in a society so it should be taken seriously. The certification of teachers will make sure that the country produces qualified people in the society with good values and will eliminate unqualified personnel from misleading the students.Teaching is not a random job (Peter,

Assignment 6 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 3

6 - Assignment Example These transactions may involve multiple investors and banks. Purchasing power parity states that a unit of any given currency should be able to buy the same amount of goods in all countries. The monetary policies practiced in countries are different. Therefore, different inflation rates are experienced by the countries. Price levels reflect the country’s rate of inflation. In case if the amount of goods that can be bought by spending a unit of dollar in country A is higher than the amount that can be bought in country B, selling such goods from country A to B is profitable. Ideally, arbitrage process occurs until the purchasing power of the currency is equal in both countries. Quantity or quality of the goods and services produced by the country is not changed. Only the amount of money circulating in the economy is increased. The real value of a dollar is now low while the amount of goods and services it can buy is now less. Similarly, the units of yen a dollar can buy in market for foreign currency exchange are also decreased. Supply of market for loanable funds is generated from domestic savings while demand is generated from domestic investments and net capital out flaw. The cost of borrowing from market for loanable funds is denoted by real interest rate (i). Market for loanable funds can be graphically illustrated as below. Supply of market for foreign-currency exchange is generated from net capital out flaw while the demand is generated from net exports. NCO is determined by real interest rate. The cost of purchasing foreign currencies is denoted by real exchange rate (r) as illustrated bellow. These are called twin deficits because the first can trigger the latter. As the government draws money from national savings to fund its expenditures, the cost of borrowing by public is increasing. Therefore, investing in domestic businesses becomes more profitable. Capital is now flowing into the country while decreasing the NCO. Low capital

Masters Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Masters - Personal Statement Example dation soon after my academic feat has also furthered my insight into the field of law, giving me an opportunity to put in practice theoretical concepts learnt at the university and during diverse training seminars. The undergraduate studies and training have fuelled my interest in law to higher levels, prompting me to consider pursuing a postgraduate degree in International Commercial Law. I have acquired significant skills relevant to the practice of law in the course of my academic training, internship and life in general. Skills like client orientation, problem resolution, organization and planning, business competence, adaptability and focus on quality, will come in handy in my professional development, which I hope your esteemed institution will accord me. I am diligent, focused and motivated to succeed as an international business relations lawyer. I intend to exert diligence in my postgraduate studies, while bringing my leadership skills and critical reasoning ability to presenting legally viable arguments to this globally renowned course.   I look forward to learning from honored professors the intricate nature of International Commercial Law. I am also eager to interact with like-minded scholars and advance my skills and knowledge to become effectively global-oriented. In a progressively competitive and interconnected world, I hope to acquire focused legal training that will help me in critical analysis and development of laws that govern international commerce. I appreciate the fact that becoming an international lawyer requires time and significant effort. I am willing and ready to make this commitment and approach the course with due diligence not just for enhancement of my career prospects, but also for the benefit of my future

Political Parties Essay Example for Free

Political Parties Essay Political parties are an essential component within a democratic society. By competing in elections and encouraging citizens with certain different views of society, parties also offer citizens a wide variety of choices in governmental representation, opportunities for political contribution, and chances to form their country’s future. Although political parties play such an influential role on a country, often the concerns of the people fall on deaf ears, breaking down the trust that the public had within the parties. When public assurance in political parties is diminished, the whole democratic system falls victim to it. In all democratic systems, the party system must be deeply and strongly rooted in the make up of society. Political parties are the main framework of any democratic society. They are the means by which the public come together freely to drive for the presidency, express their ideas, and define their ambitions for their civilization. There may be political parties without democracy being apparent, but there can be no democracy without political parties. Parties in many countries, including our own South African parties, may be faulty, but they are also crucial in democratic authority. When political parties function effectively, they succeed in developing a few common ideas between a large group of people, and in doing this, they place pressure on the ruling party. Thus, they help put citizens’ small concerns into a national context. Citizens may be separated over leaders, or policies but political parties can organize these differences by compromising certain things and helping societies to unite. In addition, political parties train and nominate political leaders who will accept a role in ruling society. Through their efforts to control and influence public policy, political parties play an in-between role, connecting the organisations of government to economic, ethnic, cultural, religious and other general groups. They can convey support behind law, improving the public wellbeing, and develop citizens’ interests. Their participation in elections allows citizens to hold them responsible for their policies and actions. In multi-party systems, and based on the countries they represent, political parties often express contradictory views on public plans. These just differences of ideas are not only an important part of the democratic course, but the exchanges they generate can also help to create a better understanding of the issues and possible solutions, possibly leading to new insights. Further, when parties in competition present themselves as an alternative, all parties always try to obtain the best plan in public interest, therefore the winner in the end is society.

Enviromental Influence in Huckleberry Finn :: essays research papers

The environment that someone is in can greatly affect his or her actions, decisions, and way of life. In the novel, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, by Mark Twain, Huck is faced with many tough decisions. Huck is a young, white boy, raised in the south. His father is a drunk, and doesn’t teach Huck good morals. As we continue in the book, Huck is faced with the decision, to free a runaway slave, or not. Growing up in the south, he was taught that whites were always better than Negros. But Huck goes against his teachings and continues to help Jim escape to freedom. Huck’s father was an abusive drunk, so legal custody of Huck was switched over to Widow Douglas, who had a slave named Jim. Living with Mrs. Watson, Huck was taught good morals, values, and manners and was forced to go to school. However, he did not live there very long. Huck’s father went on a drunken rampage and kidnapped Huck from Mrs. Watson, and locked him up in his cabin. However, Huck enjoyed living with his father for a while, because he didn’t have to act civilized. Huck eventually figures a way out of the cabin, so he fakes his death so his father doesn’t think he ran away, and then escapes. Huck runs away to Jackson Island, because it is remote and no one lives there. Wandering around the island, Huck runs into Jim, who then explains to him that he ran away because he thought Huck was dead. Jim and Huck converse for a while, till Jim explains that he wants to buy his family back from slavery. Huck then agrees to help Jim escape to freedom by ge tting to Cairo and finding the Ohio River. The time period and location that Huck was living in was very prejudice toward black people. Huck and Jim can only travel down the Mississippi River by raft at night, because Huck fears that people living along the river will think that Jim is a runaway slave and attempt to capture him and turn him into authorities. Huck and Jim have to stop every now and then to pick up necessary supplies, (i.e. food, water, tools) and Huck gets many questions from locals, as to what he’s doing with a black man. The constant questioning annoys Huck and eventually, he reflects on his decision to free Jim. First he writes to Mrs.

Julia Child

Julia Child interview Me: How did you get involved in World war II? Julia Child: In 1941, at the onset of World War II, I moved to Washington, D. C. , where I volunteered as a research assistant for the Office of Strategic Services (OSS), a newly formed government intelligence agency. In this position, I played a key role in the communication of top-secret documents between U. S. government officials and their intelligence officers. My colleagues and I were sent on assignments around the world, holding posts in Washington, D. C. , Kumming, China; and Colombo, Sri Lanka. In 1945, while in Sri Lanka, This is where I began a relationship with fellow OSS employee Paul Child. Me: How come after World War II, did you and your husband Paul move to Paris, France? Me: Why did you and your husband move to Paris, France after the war? Child: Well after the war Paul was reassigned to the U. S. Information Service at the American Embassy in Paris. We both looked at is as an opportunity to begin a new life, meet new people, and discover our passions. When we moved here the very first day Paul took me to a restaurant where I had my first French cuisine. If it wasn't for us moving here I would have never had a penchant for French cuisine and attended the world-famous Cordon Bleu cooking school . Me: How successful were your cook books in your culinary career? Child: The original publisher rejected the manuscript, however, due to its 734-page length. Another publisher eventually accepted the 3-lb. cookbook, releasing it in September 1961 under the title Mastering the Art of French Cooking. The book was considered groundbreaking, and remained the bestselling cookbook for five straight years after its publication. It has since become a standard guide for the culinary community. Me: How did your television career begin? Child: One day I promoted my book on the Boston public television station near my Cambridge, Massachusetts, home. I went on the air demonstrated my trademark forthright manner and hearty humor, by preparing an omelet on air. The public's response was enthusiastic, generating 27 letters and countless phone calls—†a remarkable response,† a station executive remembered, â€Å"given that station management occasionally wondered if 27 viewers were tuned in. Me: Why were you sometimes harshly criticized on your show? Child: Occasionally I would fail to wash my hands, as well as what they believed to be poor kitchen demeanor. â€Å"You are quite a revolting chef, the way you snap bones and play with raw meats,† one letter read. I can't stand those over-sanitary people! Others were concerned about the high levels of fat in French cooking. My advice was to eat in moderation. I would rather eat one tablespoon of chocolate russe cake than three bowls of Jell-O.

Bollman Hotel Chain memo Essay

The purpose of this memo is to provide a compliance plan to be incorporated into your business strategies for a successful entry into the international market. As the business environment becomes more global, labor and employment law issues have become globalized as well. The US and India’s employment laws both address the minimum wage and overtime pay for private and public or federal workers, equal rights and opportunities, discrimination, limitations and prohibitions on employment of minors, and occupational safety and health administration. Below is a list of applicable employment laws and consequences for non-compliance. A comparative research shows that there are similarities between India and US labor laws so I will also integrate these for consistency in compliance on the company policies and guidelines. The US Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) provides standards for the basic minimum wage and overtime pay for private and public workers. Working hours are restricted on non-agricultural agricultural operations for children under the age 16, and children under 18 are not allowed to work on jobs that are dangerous. India has a Minimum Wages Act 1948 that sets wages for the different economic sectors and State governments have minimum wage sc hedules, and another Article (24) covers the prohibition of child labor under 14 years old in factory, mine or hazardous work environment. Non-compliance of labor laws very costly. Employees can recover unpaid wages going back 2 years and as much as 3 years and doubled as â€Å"liquidated damages† if the employer violation is proven as deliberate or intentional. Furthermore, one employee’s successful recovery unpaid wages and liquidated damages will most likely trigger a class action suit resulting in more financial risks. Child labor is a serious act and transcends internationally. In the US, employers who violate child labor laws are subject to fines as high as $100,000 for each child and up to 6 months in jail. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration Act (OSHA) encourage States to develop and operate their own job safety and health programs. OSHA approves and monitors State plans and provides up to 50 percent of an approved plan’s operating costs. Minnesota is one of the 22 state that are operating the State and local government employees therefore,  Bollman Hotel Chains must comply b y enforcing the standards, provide training and education and assist in providing a safe, healthful and hazardous free workplace. The company should also consider using Globally Harmonized System (GHS) which is recommended by OSHA to establish mandatory requirement on classification criteria for health, physical and environmental hazards of chemicals to mitigate risks of health and safety violations when shipping materials or goods to India. OSHA has a published Federal Penalty schedule up to $500,000 and incarceration depending on the severity of the violation and determination whether the employer’s violation is â€Å"willful† or unintentional. Non-compliance will also result in financial risks due to the costs incurred on personal injury settlements and civil claims. It is highly recommended to recruit qualified workers in specialized fields India to ensure the company’s continued success. Conditions for the temporary and permanent employment of aliens in the United States, including provisions that address employment eligibility and employment verification are set forth under the Immigr ation and Nationality Act (INA), and employers have responsibilities under the immigration law during the recruitment process. Employers must verify the employment authorization of the individual hired after November, 1986 and retain a Form I-9 that is completed by the employee. Non-compliance by discriminating against individu ¬als on the basis of national origin, citizenship, or immigration status, and â€Å"willful† violation by hiring individuals that are unauthorized to work in the United State may be subject to fines, criminal penalties, debarment of government contracts, payment to unlawfully discriminated individuals. The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission was established by Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 to assist in the protection of US employees from discrimination. The law was the first federal law designed to protect most US employees from employment discrimination based upon that employee’s race, color, religion, sex, or national origin (Public Law 88-352, July 2, 1964, 78 Stat. 253, 42 U.S.C. Sec. 2000e et. seq.). Discriminatory practices in the workplace may result in costly fines and litigation expenses. For example, under the Age Discrimination in Employment Act, the employee who filed a complaint may be awar ded back pay, retroactive benefits, liquidated damages or even a job promotion. Compliance is a process of knowing the laws and developingpolicies and guidelines to implement these laws, and communicating to   organization. The following is a compliance plan to ensure full understanding of the employments laws and adherence. Employment laws are constantly challenged and changed. Establish a compliance checklist to update employment laws to stay current and update the company policy as needed. Any changes or updates must be communicated to the employee. As Bollman Hotel Chain is becoming more international, the framework of the company policy should take into account the day to day realities of working with the company and meeting the individual, collective and business objectives as well as the local entities employment laws. A collection and reporting system should be established concerning employment, working conditions, social practices and human resources in each country to ensure equal treatment and non-discrimination, respect for individuals, safe and healthy working environment and alignment of the company goals. Schedule a quarterly meeting with each manager to review the company policy. Provide formal and informal training program to all employees to bring awareness and understanding of their civil rights and employment laws. Maintain all personnel records and document all pertinent communications such as employee evaluation, annual activity discussions and professional development discussions. Finally, foster an open dialogue between managers and employees to ensure that everyone is fully engaged and committed to full compliance of the employment laws.

A new Spacesuit for Starliner Astronauts

A new Spacesuit for Starliner Astronauts The astronauts are also trendy The media always talks and writes about the latest fashion for men and women of some business jobs, but what about the latest trend in clothes for the astronauts? Do you know that the new high quality spacesuit was unveiled for the Starliner Astronauts recently? Boeing presented its new spacesuit The representatives of the company Boeing informed about their new production - a new spacesuit, which is more comfortable and simpler, than the previous one. It is very good, as the more complicated design can have much more chances to break easily. The designers realized that some parts of the old spacesuit are just unnecessary. This suit meets all the requirements of NASA for functionality and safety. It introduces all the up-to-date innovations. Among the advances of the spacesuit`s design are: vents, which allow astronauts to be cooler, touchscreens-sensitive gloves, which are made of material, that makes such interaction with touchsceens real, visor, and helmet incorporated into the suit. It is lighter and more flexible due to the new joint patterns and advanced materials. The peculiarities of the new Starliner suit There is more material in the knees and elbows, so the astronauts will be able to move easier. The astronauts will be able to move easier, as there is much material in the knees and elbows. This new material allows water vapor to pass out of the suit, which makes it cooler. You can adapt the shape of the suit when seated or standing thanks to the strategically located zippers. There are some special communication systems under the helmet. The booties are also the inalienable part of the whole spacesuit. The new spacesuit will definitely keep the astronaut alive, which is the most important aspect. It is as safe as it is functional. The full suit weighs about 20 pounds with all its accessories. It was tested by the astronauts to make sure, that their work in the spacecraft will be easy and efficient to complete. This spacesuit has a function of the emergency backup to the spacecraft`s redundant life support systems. The new spacesuit was modeled by Chris Ferguson, who is a director of Crew and Mission Systems for Boeing and a former astronaut. The space technology is definitely moving forward This latest suit technology will be used by the astronauts, who are going to head into orbit aboard Boeing`s Starliner spacecraft. They will be taken to the space station by operational Commercial Crew missions. NASA will be able to have more time for its research and science. NASA doesn`t want to pay Russia a lot of money for their spacesuits and rockets in order to launch US astronauts. There are two companies – Boeing and SpaceX, which made a contract with NASA. They should launch the astronauts to the International Space Station as soon as 2018. Nowadays, Boeing is testing the CST-100 Starliner spacecraft, which will be able to carry up to seven astronauts, and SpaceX is working on the Dragon spacecraft. This new spacesuit is one of the most important parts of the Starliner system. It is aimed at protecting the whole generation of the astronauts, which will have the opportunity to reach such destinations, as Mars or asteroid.

Essay 3 outline Essays - Information And Communications Technology

Essay 3 outline Essays - Information And Communications Technology Essay 3 outline living in the 21 st century a good thing or a bad thing? Everybody knows that living in the 21st century offers certain advantages and disadvantages. These advantages and disadvantages include stuff like; having internet to help everybody out, having cable, but on the flip side we have more pollution and also have people being less humane. Most people would have to say lives got a whole lot better with internet. The internet has help our lives out so much epically with looking things up, finding where to go, also communicating with others. One example, of looking things up using internet is when you have to do a research paper and need good info you can just search it on the web and find the information you're looking for instead of going and finding books. Another example is finding where to go, for an example you can type in on your g.p.s the address of wherever you need to go and the g.p.s will help you get to your destination instead of using regular maps and try and fique out if you're heading the right way or not. The third example is, communicating with others by using text or email. Now that we understand that the internet helps us with a lot of stuff we can now start talking about cable tv. Who doesn't like having cable. Cable is nice to have because you can watch any sport game or any show you may like and also can watch the weather and the news. Another good about able is you can record a show or movie and watch it later which is better than missing your show completely. Cable is good about the news, so you can be updated unlike waiting for a newspaper to read. Despite of all the easiness we find in nowadays world, one of the main disadvantages of living in the 21st century is that we're living in an increasingly polluted environment. The air is polluted with smog and nuclear fallout, because of all the industries and cars. The water is also polluted with chemical wastes from factories: dead fishes and contaminated drinking water supplies are unfortunately becoming very common things, and the cause of it is the raw sewage from cities and oil spills from ships. A second disadvantage of living in this century is the depersonalization of human relationships. People often interact more with machines than with other people. With the automated vending machines, banks, etc., you don't talk to a person, but with a machine, and our lives are based on numbers. Another thing that increases the distance between people is the tape-recorded telephone answering, since you don't have to talk to people on the phone, because you can just listen to the message later. But, for me, the most alarming problem is the computerized dating services you can find. People are losing their way of dating in real life and the relationships are becoming more and more digital, distant and cold. In conclusion, although the 21st century has indeed given us a lot of advantages by making us freer to enjoy our lives, it has, in my opinion, not made us wiser. The 21st century has also made our earth dirtier, and our people less humane, we should continue to enjoy the benefits of technological advancements because they free us to pursue our interests and goals. However, we must make an effort to preserve our natural environment for future generations. Moreover, we should take the time now to make our lives more meaningful in an increasingly impersonal, computerized world.

The Best Prep Books for SAT Writing

The Best Prep Books for SAT Writing SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Are you planning on buying a book to help you prep for SAT Writing? In this article I will discuss the top prep books for SAT Writing on the market today, and why you should or should not buy them. These books can be found at bookstores, the library, or online. If you make use of all these books and practice effectively, you'll be sure t o improve your SAT writing score. Who should use these books? Books are a great way to study for students who are serious about their prep and who are able to motivate themselves. Keep in mind that studying from books is not the most effective method for all students. It’s important that you know how you study best. Buying a book is not going to track your progress or motivate you to study – so you need to be able to do that for yourself, and you also need to be able to understand and evaluate your own mistakes and progress. If that sounds like you, these books will be great for you. In order to take full advantage of these books, you also need to be willing to make a time investment. Just buying a book is not going to make a difference to your score – you have to be willing to commit and spend time – we’re talking at least 10 hours, or much more depending on where you’re starting from - going through it in order to get the benefits. So if you’re looking to invest a good deal of time and want to make a significant improvement in your SAT Writing score, read on to see which books can help you! Foundational Books There are two books that all students should have before taking the SAT. The Official SAT Study Guide from the CollegeBoard Sold on Amazon from $11.81. It’s critically important that when you study, you are using real questions that actually appeared on the SAT. Why? Many test prep companies have people who don’t really understand the test writing their practice questions. There is a good chance that if you only study questions written by prep companies, you will not be seeing the kinds of questions that actually appear on the SAT. The Official SAT Study Guide provides you will 10 full-length practice tests. For the Writing section, that’s 490 multiple choice questions to practice with. When you buy the book, you also get online access to explanations to all of the answers. Additionally, many of the books I will mention below make references to the questions in this book as examples. Where it could be improved: Unfortunately, this book does not work as a complete study tool. It gives little to no explanation for the different concepts that are tested on the test, and only gives the most basic strategy tips – some of which are quite debatable (such as when to guess). Similarly, the online explanations for right and wrong answers aren’t the best. They tend to expect a high level of comprehension of the basic concepts, so you’ll need to understand your own mistakes to make the most of this book. Because of this, it’s best to pair this book with another one or two from the list below, depending on what your score goals are. SAT Prep Black Book by Mike Barrett Available on Amazon from $17.97. This book is critically important because it teaches you how to think about the SAT. It aims to teach students that anyone can succeed on the SAT, as long as they approach the test the right way. For example, the test is predictable in that the material tested is always the same, but has to be difficult enough to stump some students. Therefore, the fairly straightforward grammar rules on the Writing portion of the test will be presented in unexpected ways. If you are ready to view the test this way, it will be easier to see where the College Board is trying to trick you. It contains a lot of practical strategies for how to approach each type of question, and then also explains the answers to several of the questions in The Official SAT Study Guide in depth. In particular, this book gives great advice for how to tackle the essay section of the test. Where it could be improved: This book does not give a clear set of guidelines for how to approach each question, which might make it confusing for some students. I would recommend reading this book for general strategy and learning how to think about the test, and pairing it with other books if you want a more straight-forward list of rules. The end of the book gives a â€Å"Grammar Toolbox† that outlines all of the major grammar concepts you will need to know for SAT Writing. However, these are not paired with example SAT-style questions, so it won’t be the best resource for many students. Best SAT Writing books for high scorers (650 – 800) Blackstone Review’s Maximize Your Writing Score on the SAT Available new at Amazon from $21.95. This excellent prep book focuses in on only the grammar rules covered on SAT Writing. There are several features that make this book stand out. The grammar skills are ranked by the frequency they appear. Each grammar point is ranked between one and three stars, depending on how frequently the concept is tested on the SAT. This is helpful because it helps you focus your studying. You can just cover the most important (3 star) concepts if you're in a rush, or you can focus on the 1 star concepts if you already know the basics andare aiming for a high score. While other test prep books do tell the frequency of grammar rules, this book does it in a very visually-friendly way, which a lot of students may find helpful. The realistic diagnostic test will help you make an effective study plan. The book starts with a diagnostic test. Now, students can always make their own diagnostic tests. I’ll talk about this more below. But I particularly like this diagnostic test because it gives example sentences that test grammar concepts in a very similar way to the SAT. Even better, it gives detailed explanations for each answer and pinpoints which grammar concept is being tested in each question (along with where to find that concept in the book), before showing how the sentence could be revised to be grammatically correct. Though, again, you can do the same process on your own with the practice tests in The Official SAT Study Guide, this could save you a lot of time and help you to quickly see which concepts you are struggling with. This also means you can save all ten practice tests in The Official SAT Study Guide for later practice. Every concept is explained very clearly. The grammar points in this book are laid out in a way that is very easy to read and understand. The grammar rules are explained clearly, briefly, and directly. After each rule, the book gives at least one SAT-style question with an error of the grammar concept just introduced, an explanation of why the error is incorrect, and then gives a revised version of the sentence with the error corrected. I like the immediate reinforcement of each idea, and the revised sentences can help students get used to what correctly-used grammar looks like. Similarly, the end of each chapter gives you additional well-written practice questions with clear explanations. Students who don’t want to get bogged down with a lot of extra words should really like this direct and simple approach. It gets to the point quickly and makes it easy to stay on task. Additionally, the instruction in this book focuses on grammar concepts instead of technical grammar terms. It won’t bog you down with things that you don’t need to know to do well on SAT Writing. The study guides and appendixes at the end of the book provide added depth. The end of the book has two useful review sections. The â€Å"Study Outline† briefly goes over all the grammar concepts covered, and the â€Å"Super Quick Study Guide† gives an overview of just the most important and most frequently-tested grammar concepts. Though this is an unnecessary feature, these sections are nice bonus tools with example sentences that you canuse to get your mind in the correct mode right before the test. The book has several very helpful appendices on topics including â€Å"Common Irregular Verbs†, â€Å"Confusing Word Pairs†, â€Å"Common Prepositional Idioms†, â€Å"Common Diction Errors†, and â€Å"Wordiness and Redundancy†. These are very thorough and go into much greater detail than most SAT Writing test prep books. A lot of these topics, such as prepositional idioms, are things you will need to study if you are aiming for a high score. There is an excellent guide to the essay section. Finally, this book has a guide for the essay section of the test. This is especially valuable because some other Writing SAT prep books completely ignore the essay portion. The essay guide gives some good tips about how to approach the essay, which is something a lot of students struggle with. You’ll get tips for how to start the essay with a strong statement, how to effectively use notes, and what kind of examples you will need. It’s especially good for talking about the mindset you need when you approach the essay, and I think that this combined with the tips given in the Black Book would well prepare stronger writers for the test. However, if you are a weaker or very not confident writer and need a lot of hand-holding and instruction for the essay section of the test, you should probably get an additional guide. Of course, this book is not for everyone. Here’s where it could be improved: The end of the book has example test questions with detailed explanations for each answer. Though these are quite well-written and test grammar in the same way the real SAT does, the questions are pretty limited. There are only 40 Identifying Error questions, 25 Improving Sentences questions, and 7 Improving Paragraphs questions. Many students will not find this to be enough practice. As noted above, this book addresses each grammar topic in a concise and to-the-point fashion. I think these explanations are more than enough for students who have at least a decent understanding of grammar basics. While this will appeal to some students, it will be a turn-off for others who prefer to have things explained in more detail. Finally, the essay tips will not be thorough enough for students who need a lot of help with their writing. The Ultimate Guide to SAT Grammar and the accompanying workbook by Erica Meltzer Available new at Amazon from $27.86. The workbook sells from $28.45 here. Meltzer has a great understanding of the grammar that appears on the SAT and does a good job of explaining the concepts in detail. She goes through everything that you will need to know in order to aim for a perfect score. There are a lot of things that make this book a great pick. Itexplains concepts from the first principle. Metzerdoesn’t assume any prior grammar knowledge, and gives enough information (starting with an overview of the different parts of speech) to help out those who are not confident in their grammar skills or need a refresher of what they learned in grade school and high school. It's comprehensive but focused. The book covers all of the grammar concepts that you will need to know for SAT Writing. Unlike some prep books which leave out the more complex and less-tested material, Meltzer gives a great amount of detail on even the rarest types of question, such as diction questions, for which she also includes a list of commonly confused words that have recently appeared on the SAT. All of the concepts have this level of thoroughness, which means this is a great resource for students who are looking for a book that will help them drill the most difficult types of questions. Going along with the previous point, Meltzer only covers minimal additional material that does not appear on the test. Most of this is foundational knowledge-type material, and she clearly notes that it won’t directly be tested. After introducing each grammar concept, Meltzer gives several example sentences of the concept being used both incorrectly and correctly. This is a great feature because it allows students both to see some common mistakes, and to see how they can be fixed. The practice questions are excellent. At the end of each concept-based chapter, Meltzer gives several practice questions. For the most part, these questions ask you to find a grammar mistake in the sentence and fix it. She also has very good cumulative tests after every few sections. Though these tests don’t follow the SAT format, I think they are very helpful because they gives students the chance to first make sure they really understand an individual grammar concept (with no help or guessing from multiple choice options!) in the chapter tests, and then follows that with good practice of finding different types of grammar mistakes, which is the skill you have to develop for the SAT. Additionally, she gives some of the best-written SAT Writing-style practice questions that you will be able to find outside of The Official SAT Study Guide. Her SAT-style questions test grammar concepts in the same way that the SAT does, and her writing style is extremely similar to the style used by the writers of the actual test. This means that you will have a valuable extra resource of practice questions, in addition to those in The Official SAT Study Guide. She explains every grammar question inThe Official SAT Study Guide. Some of my favorite resources in this book are Meltzer’s very detailed appendices. She goes through all of the practice tests in The Official SAT Study Guide and breaks them down by grammar concept tested. This is immensely valuable for students because when taking those practice tests, they can use these appendices as a guide for understanding what kinds of questions they are missing. Also, if you have a certain grammar concept you want to have more practice with, you can look up the specific questions in the Study Guide that cover that concept. Of course, this book could also be improved. Here’s how: This is a very dense book. While some students will love this writing style, others will find it very difficult to get through. While treating less important topics with a lot of thoroughness is what the highest-achieving students will be looking for, for most others it will simply be too much information. Going along with that, unlike Blackstone Review’s book mentioned above, Meltzer’s book is not very visually-friendly. For example, while she does tell which question types most frequently appear on each part of the test, you will need to read closely to get that information, which makes it more difficult to skim and skip around to cover the most important concepts. The example sentences she uses to explain and test grammar concepts do not look like the questions on the SAT. While this won’t be a negative for many students (and I personally think they are very effective at testing the grammar concepts), some students may want to stick to SAT-style questions. While Meltzer does give answer keys to all of her questions in the main text, she does not give detailed explanations for why the answers are right or wrong. This will not work very well for students who need more hand-holding to understand grammar mistakes. The workbook that accompanies the text gives additional practice that really should be included in the main book. As it is, it's expensive to have to buy two books to get what should be included in one. Finally, this book does not cover how to approach the essay, and the main text does not include practice questions for the Improving Paragraphs questions. So if you want to focus in on either of those sections of the test, this will not be the best book for you. Best SAT Writing Books For Mid-range Scorers (400 – 650) Barron’s SAT Writing Workbook by George Ehrenhaft Available on Amazon from $10.99 (Kindle) This book is great if you are a middle-range writer because it holds your hand like no other for the essay portion of the test. More advanced writers, however, will probably find some of the advice to be simplistic. There are a lot of things that make it great for a student at this level. It starts with a good, lengthy overview of each question type on SAT Writing. If you are less familiar with what you are going to see on SAT Writing or are particularly intimidated by the structure of the test, this will give you a good grounding to work with. It includes a full diagnostic test with SAT-style questions. After the explanations, this book gives a full diagnostic test of the Writing section of the SAT, including a practice essay question. The questions are very reminiscent of questions that have appeared on past SATs, so they should be helpful for students to understand their strengths and weaknesses. The best part of this is the detailed answer section, which not only gives several sample essay responses, but also goes through each multiple choice question in detail, telling why each correct answer is correct, and what grammar rule is violated by each incorrect answer. It gives in-depth instruction for the essay. This book dedicates a whopping 82 pages to how to write the essay. It takes you through everything you could possibly want to know, in detail. If you pair this with the basic strategy found in the Black Book listed above, you should have no further questions about how to improve your essay score. The grammar explanations are straightforward. All of the main grammar concepts that you will need to know for the test are briefly explained. This book does not go into as much detail as Meltzer’s book or the Blackstone Review book, but it is more than enough for what you will need for a mid-range score. After each grammar explanation, the book gives an SAT-style multiple choice question. It’s helpful for students to be able to immediately see the concept put to use in the way it will appear on the test. All of these multiple choice questions are followed with detailed answer explanations. There are also several practice questions that are not in the style of SAT questions, which are good for nailing down grammar concepts without the prop of having answer choices. The grammar concepts are divided by what you are most likely to find on each section of the test (Improving Sentences, Identifying Errors, and Improving Paragraphs). While there is a lot of overlap in the grammar concepts, this could be helpful for students to pinpoint where they are struggling if they tend to do worse on one section. This book also goes into greater detail on the Improving Paragraphs questions than many other test prep books do. There are a lot of opportunities for practice. Finally, the end of the book has four well-written practice tests, which will be good additional practice if you need more than the ones in The Official SAT Study Guide. All of the questions have detailed answer explanations. Where it could be improved: Many of the practice questions are not in the style of SAT questions, and some students will prefer to have more SAT-style questions to work with. The grammar explanations do not go into a lot of detail and can be vague. This lack of detail means that you may not get everything you need to master the trickiest concepts. Also, some of the grammar is repetitive because it is found in multiple sections (ie., both in Identifying Errors and in Improving Sentences). For SAT Writing Books for Low Scorers (400 and below) If you are getting a very low score on SAT Writing, it may be because you are a non-native speaker of English or are otherwise missing a fundamental understanding of how English grammar works. Since you can’t run before you walk, I would recommend starting with books that are not specifically aimed at the SAT, but are going to give you a strong grammar foundation that you can build upon with further study. English Grammar in Use by Raymond Murphy Available on Amazon from $16.78 English Grammar in Use is great for helping struggling students get to terms with grammar basics, especiallyverb tenses, their uses and special constructions. It also includes lessons on trickier subjects such as â€Å"may† vs. â€Å"might†, idiomatic preposition use, relative clauses, and participles. The pages are all written in simple, easily understood English. Every lesson is illustrated to further aid comprehension, and they're followed by a full page of practice exercises. This text has been popular for a long time for students learning English as a foreign language, but it is a helpful resource for anyone who needs a refresher of important grammar foundations. Easy Grammar Plus by Wanda C. Phillips Available on Amazon from $28.52. Phillips effectively teaches the basics of grammar and sentence construction by breaking them down into the different parts of speech. Every new topic has several pages of exercises for extensive drilling. It's this repetition that really helps the new concepts stick with students. This book is especially good for students who find the wording of other grammar books to be too complex. It is written with a 4th grade vocabulary, so you can focus your attention where it matters - on the grammar. How to use these books If you are a mid-range or high-range scorer, start out with reading through the Introduction and Writing sections in the Black Book (apart from the explanations to questions in the Official SAT Study Guide). This will help you get in the correct mindset to approach the test and is good to build general strategy. Take a practice Writing test from The Official SAT Study Guideand score it. Make a note of each question you got wrong or had to guess for. Mark down which section it was in (Improving Sentences, Identifying Errors, or Improving Paragraphs) and also what grammar concept it was testing. To do this, you can either use the appendix in Meltzer’s book, or you can use the explanations for The Official SAT Study Guide that can be found online. (Note that if you have chosen to use a book that includes a diagnostic test, you can use that instead and the answer explanations may make understanding your mistakes a lot easier!) In whatever book you choose, skim through the grammar concepts you are most comfortable with to make sure there is nothing that surprises you, but really focus your studying around the concepts that you missed in the practice test. Keep taking the practice tests in The Official SAT Study Guide to check how you are improving. If you are a low-range scorer, start studying a long time in advance (at least 6 months). Ideally, you should cover the material in the foundational books and then move on to one of the other books that focuses specifically on the SAT. Once you have given yourself time to get the basics down, follow the steps above. What’s Next? If you're not sure that book studying is for you, check out our test prep program. PrepScholar starts with a diagnostic test and then helps you focus your studying on what you need the most work on. Also check out our free resources to start prepping for the test. Our blog covers every grammar concept you will find on SAT Writing, as well as general strategies for each section. Aiming high? Look at these key strategies to score an 800 on SAT Writing, written by a perfect scorer. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points? Check out our best-in-class online SAT prep program. We guarantee your money back if you don't improve your SAT score by 160 points or more. Our program is entirely online, and it customizes what you study to your strengths and weaknesses. If you liked this Writing and grammar lesson, you'll love our program.Along with more detailed lessons, you'll get thousands ofpractice problems organized by individual skills so you learn most effectively. We'll also give you a step-by-step program to follow so you'll never be confused about what to study next. Check out our 5-day free trial: